{"id":183,"date":"2009-03-31T11:07:52","date_gmt":"2009-03-31T10:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/?p=183"},"modified":"2009-05-17T10:54:10","modified_gmt":"2009-05-17T09:54:10","slug":"sladka-jako-cukrovi-smrtici-jako-tabak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/?p=183","title":{"rendered":"Sladk\u00e1 jako cukrov\u00ed, smrt\u00edc\u00ed jako tab\u00e1k"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po v\u010derej\u0161\u00edm no\u010dn\u00edm setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Pidinsem jsem se rozhodl publikovat \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd jsem dostal minul\u00fd t\u00fdden od Juli\u00e1ny a kter\u00fd m\u011b donutil j\u00edt trochu do sebe. Je to z \u010dasopisu Psychiatrie<\/em>, Ro\u010dn\u00edk 6, 2002, \u010c\u00edslo 4.<\/p>\n

Sladk\u00e1 jako cukrov\u00ed, smrt\u00edc\u00ed jako tab\u00e1k<\/strong>
\nPodle International Herald Tribune, 2002 <\/em> <\/p>\n

Podpo\u0159ena povrchn\u00ed a v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnou reklamou, stala se gutka (gutkh\u0101), domorod\u00e1 forma \u017ev\u00fdkac\u00edho tab\u00e1ku, b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm obsahem \u00fast milion\u016f Ind\u016f. Postupn\u011b se jej\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo na cel\u00fd subkontinent a dokonce tak\u00e9 k jihoasiat\u016fm, \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm v Anglii. Co v\u0161ak vzbudilo v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 znepokojen\u00ed je fakt, \u017ee si gutka na\u0161la svoji cestu do \u00fast teenager\u016f a d\u011bt\u00ed, jeliko\u017e chut\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 cukrov\u00ed a jej\u00ed konzumace je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za paralelu konzumace \u017ev\u00fdka\u010dek v z\u00e1padn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b. V o\u010d\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f se jev\u00ed gutka z\u00e1ke\u0159nou z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f \u2013 je levn\u00e1, p\u0159enosn\u00e1 a prodejn\u00e1 jako \u017ev\u00fdka\u010dky, m\u00e1 sladkou chu\u0165 a p\u0159itom obsahuje enormn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch a kancerogenn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. V t\u00e9to zemi se obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed alarmuj\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1r\u016fstu \u00fastn\u00ed rakoviny.<\/p>\n

To byla i jedna z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, pro\u010d st\u00e1t Mah\u00e1r\u00e1\u0161tra (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed tak\u00e9 Bombaj) uz\u00e1konil 1. srpna 2002 z\u00e1kaz v\u00fdroby, distribuce a prodeje gutky po dobu 5 let. (Jedn\u00e1 se mimochodem o 30 000 000 $ business v t\u00e9to lokalit\u011b.) Opat\u0159en\u00ed pot\u00e9 provedlo n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch indick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 oblasti Indie zdr\u017eenliv\u011b \u010dekaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na ulic\u00edch Bombaje nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m nal\u00e9zt mlad\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed za\u010dali s konzumac\u00ed gutky ve sv\u00fdch 10, n\u011bkdy i v 6 letech!! Podle dr. \u0160\u00e1str\u00edho, p\u0159ednosty preventivn\u00ed onkologie Tata Memorial Hospital, se s konzumac\u00ed gutky za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u011b pod v\u011bkovou hranic\u00ed 10 let, a tak se mu do ambulance dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ci a vysoko\u0161kol\u00e1ci s ji\u017e viditeln\u00fdmi prekancerogenn\u00edmi l\u00e9zemi \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zdravotnick\u00e1 m\u00edsta v Indii uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed 75 000\u201380 000 nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny \u00fast ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btovou incidenci t\u00e9to nemoci. V t\u00e9to oblasti tak denn\u011b um\u00edr\u00e1 2000 lid\u00ed pouze v souvislosti s konzumac\u00ed tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n

V jedn\u00e9 studii z roku 1998 proveden\u00e9 mezi 1800 chlapci ve v\u011bku 13\u201315 let bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 % ka\u017edodenn\u011b konzumuje t\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f gutky.<\/p>\n

Gutka je v\u00fdsledkem nov\u00e9 technologie v\u00fdroby a balen\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed indick\u00e9 pochutiny, kter\u00e1 se tak stala levnou a p\u0159enosnou. Mnoho Ind\u016f toti\u017e p\u0159edt\u00edm konzumovalo tzv. p\u00e1n, co\u017e byla sm\u011bs limetov\u00e9 pasty, ko\u0159en\u00ed, arekov\u00fdch o\u0159\u00ed\u0161k\u016f a tab\u00e1ku zabalen\u00e1 do betelov\u00e9ho listu. Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1nu v\u0161ak vy\u017eadovalo nav\u0161t\u00edvit speci\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdrobce a jeho transport byl velmi komplikovan\u00fd. V\u0161e se zm\u011bnilo s p\u0159\u00edchodem gutky, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje su\u0161enou verzi zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 sm\u011bsi, konzervovanou a ochucenou spoustou chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se pak prod\u00e1v\u00e1 v plastikov\u00fdch obalech. Tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt gutka ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed konzumov\u00e1na kdekoliv \u2013 doma, v pr\u00e1ci nebo ve \u0161kole. Objem ro\u010dn\u00edho prodeje gutky a p\u00e1nu tak v propo\u010dtu dosahuje hranici 1 miliardy $, co\u017e je 5\u00d7 v\u00edce ne\u017e v roce 1990.<\/p>\n

Kritici nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, mezi kter\u00fdmi jsou tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrobci gutky, p\u0159irovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed jeho p\u0159ijet\u00ed ke snaze ucpat prstem prosakuj\u00edc\u00ed hr\u00e1z. Mnoho jin\u00fdch tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f toti\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nad\u00e1le na trhu, mezi nimi krom\u011b cigaret tak\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad mi\u0161r\u00ed, tab\u00e1kov\u00e1 pasta, kterou mnoh\u00e9 indick\u00e9 \u017eeny pova\u017euj\u00ed za dobr\u00fd kosmetick\u00fd prost\u0159edek k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou kritik\u016f je konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee vl\u00e1du zaj\u00edm\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b ochrana d\u011bt\u00ed ne\u017e ochrana cigaretov\u00fdch koncern\u016f, kter\u00e9 bojuj\u00ed o pod\u00edl na tab\u00e1kov\u00e9m trhu \u2013 pokud se z\u00e1kaz vztahuje na gutku, m\u011bl by se tak\u00e9 vztahovat na cigarety.<\/p>\n

Podle dr. \u0160\u00e1str\u00edho \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da na sv\u011bt\u011b nen\u00ed zat\u00edm schopna zastavit produkci a distribuci cigaret, nicm\u00e9n\u011b prohibice gutky byla umo\u017en\u011bna z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd zakazuje u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch potravin. T\u00edmto z\u00e1konem nebude m\u00edt takto 70\u201380 % d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k tab\u00e1kov\u00fdm v\u00fdrobk\u016fm. V\u00fdrobci tak\u00e9 argumentuj\u00ed mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahem tab\u00e1ku v kostce gutky ne\u017e v cigaret\u011b, faktem v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017ee v jednom bal\u00ed\u010dku gutky je 3\u20134\u00d7 v\u00edce nikotinu ne\u017e v cigaret\u011b, a to za mnohem men\u0161\u00ed cenu.<\/p>\n

Nutnost p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona ov\u0161em objas\u0148uje i to, \u017ee zat\u00edmco tab\u00e1k ve form\u011b cigaret a doutn\u00edk\u016f je pro indick\u00e9 d\u011bti a dorost tabu, gutka nejev\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 stigma a lze ji snadno schovat p\u0159ed rodi\u010di.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po v\u010derej\u0161\u00edm no\u010dn\u00edm setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Pidinsem jsem se rozhodl publikovat \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd jsem dostal minul\u00fd t\u00fdden od Juli\u00e1ny a kter\u00fd m\u011b donutil j\u00edt trochu do sebe. Je to z \u010dasopisu Psychiatrie, Ro\u010dn\u00edk 6, 2002, \u010c\u00edslo 4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klub-rvacu","tag-npyrin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=183"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}