{"id":5800,"date":"2013-09-13T09:14:27","date_gmt":"2013-09-13T08:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/?p=5800"},"modified":"2013-09-13T10:33:23","modified_gmt":"2013-09-13T09:33:23","slug":"rasismus-zapatismus-a-sileny-lidi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/?p=5800","title":{"rendered":"Rasismus, zapatismus a \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd lidi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u201eTak kam to bude?\u201c<\/em> oto\u010d\u00ed se na m\u011b s \u017eovi\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdrazem \u0159idi\u010d tax\u00edku. Jeho \u0161irok\u00fd \u00fasm\u011bv spole\u010dn\u011b s i na m\u00edstn\u00ed pom\u011bry neobvykl\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm gelu na vlasy mn\u011b pon\u011bkud znerv\u00f3z\u0148uj\u00ed. Vypadat jako hodn\u011b lacin\u00fd a nepoveden\u00fd klon Antonia Banderase tady sice pat\u0159\u00ed k dek\u00f3ru, ale po\u0159\u00e1d je\u0161t\u011b jsem si na tu estetickou a \u010dichovou smr\u0161\u0165 prov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed mu\u017eskou polovinu populace v Mexiku \u00fapln\u011b nezvykla. <em>\u201eColon\u00eda Progreso\u201c<\/em> odv\u011bt\u00edm a sna\u017e\u00edm se zn\u00edt stejn\u011b \u017eovi\u00e1ln\u011b. Antonio vyt\u0159e\u0161t\u00ed o\u010di, pust\u00ed volant a jeho \u017eovi\u00e1lnost v tu r\u00e1nu zmiz\u00ed. S nefal\u0161ovanou hr\u016fzou v hlase na mn\u011b na mn\u011b up\u0159e zrak a nal\u00e9hav\u011b pronese: <em>\u201eAle to nem\u016f\u017ee\u0161. Tam nem\u016f\u017ee\u0161 sama. Holky jako ty nem\u016f\u017eou samy do colon\u00edas. To nejde. V\u00ed\u0161, co by se ti tam mohlo st\u00e1t?\u201c<\/em> Mluv\u00ed pomalu a v\u00fdrazn\u011b artikuluje, asi abych mu opravdu dob\u0159e porozum\u011bla. <em>\u201eNe. Co by se mi tam mohlo st\u00e1t?\u201c<\/em> hraju si na hloupou turistku jako v\u017edycky a \u010dek\u00e1m, co p\u0159ijde tentokr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><em>\u201eNo m\u016f\u017eou t\u011b tam i zab\u00edt! To oni d\u011blaj!! Minim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u011b okradou. Ty lidi nemakaj a akor\u00e1t kradou.\u201c<\/em> Aha. No nic nov\u00fdho si teda nevymyslel, Antonio.<br \/>\n<em>\u201eV\u0161ichni?\u201c<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u201eNo tak asi ne \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161ichni,\u201c<\/em> na chv\u00edli zav\u00e1h\u00e1 slizoun, lehce vyveden z m\u00edry mou reakc\u00ed (mo\u017en\u00e1 bych se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b mohla zkusit t\u0159eba strachy rozplakat?). <em>\u201eJ\u00e1 zn\u00e1m jednoho t\u00fdpka, co je taky ind\u00edgena, p\u0159i\u0161el sem p\u0159ed p\u00e1r lety z jedn\u00fd vesnice v hor\u00e1ch a ten je v pohod\u011b. Taky d\u011bl\u00e1 taxik\u00e1\u0159e, ale na tom bys to vlastn\u011b ani nepoznala, \u017ee je to <em>ind\u00edgena<\/em>. Jinak jsou to gente loco (\u0161\u00edlen\u00fd lidi). V\u00ed\u0161, jak to tam v\u016fbec vypad\u00e1?\u201c<\/em> Ne\u010dek\u00e1 na odpov\u011b\u010f a informuje m\u011b: <em>\u201eHrozn\u011b. A kdy\u017e tam m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo norm\u00e1ln\u00ed bar\u00e1k, tak to je proto, \u017ee prod\u00e1v\u00e1 drogy.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eAha. No, moji p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 tam bydl\u00ed, tak j\u00e1 bych byla r\u00e1da, kdybyste m\u011b tam odvezl? Oni se o m\u011b postaraj\u00ed. Na t\u011bch byste to skoro taky nepoznal, jsou v pohod\u011b. Nic se mi nestane,\u201c<\/em> odpov\u00edd\u00e1m a sna\u017e\u00edm, abych zn\u011bla jenom z poloviny tak vztekle, jako se c\u00edt\u00edm.<br \/>\nDal\u0161\u00edch dvacet minut je poznamen\u00e1no smr\u0161t\u00ed ot\u00e1zek a m\u00fdch velmi neochotn\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed a na c\u00edlov\u00e9 adrese je m\u016fj samozvan\u00fd ochr\u00e1nce ochoten m\u011b pustit z auta jenom pod podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee si ulo\u017e\u00edm jeho \u010d\u00edslo a zavol\u00e1m mu, a\u017e budu pot\u0159ebovat odv\u00e9zt dom\u016f (a nesm\u00ed to b\u00fdt moc pozd\u011b).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Nuevo-Amanecer.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Nuevo-Amanecer.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"zapatisti_bea Nuevo Amanecer\" width=\"490\" height=\"407\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5820\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Nuevo-Amanecer.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Nuevo-Amanecer-300x249.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zam\u00e1v\u00e1m slizounovi Antoniovi, po\u010dk\u00e1m, a\u017e zmiz\u00ed za rohem a ne\u017e zabu\u0161\u00edm na dve\u0159e, vyplivnu ze sebe p\u00e1r hodn\u011b jadrn\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f v rodn\u00e9m jazyce. <em>\u201eMariiii&#8230;u\u017e se n\u00e1m stejskalo!\u201c<\/em> vrh\u00e1 se mi okolo krku dvacetilet\u00e1 Cristina. <em>\u201eHele, j\u00e1 jsem nestihla uklidit, ale poj\u010f d\u00e1l, co si d\u00e1\u0161? Koupili jsme Ti colu!\u201c<\/em> Vyhnu se bal\u00edk\u016fm vy\u0161\u00edvan\u00fdch \u0161\u00e1l a halen, kter\u00e9 jsou naskl\u00e1dan\u00e9 u st\u011bny v chodb\u011b, a posad\u00edm se na prosezen\u00fd gau\u010d v ob\u00fdv\u00e1ku. Z prot\u011bj\u0161\u00edho k\u0159esla na mn\u011b ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u011b z\u00edr\u00e1 dvoulet\u00fd Jes\u00fas \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inou mu trv\u00e1 tak p\u016fl hodiny, ne\u017e si na m\u011b zvykne, vleze mi na kl\u00edn a za\u010dne \u017evatlat cosi ve sv\u00e9 rodn\u00e9 tzotzil\u0161tin\u011b. Do m\u00edstnosti vpadne jeho rozesm\u00e1t\u00e1 matka, dvaadvacetilet\u00e1 Natalia, vlep\u00ed mi pusu na tv\u00e1\u0159 a vyk\u0159ikne: <em>\u201eJe\u017e\u00ed\u0161, ty m\u00e1\u0161 skv\u011blou mikinu! Ta je ur\u010dit\u011b tam od v\u00e1s, \u017ee jo, tady se takov\u00fd ani neprod\u00e1vaj&#8230;,\u201c<\/em> na\u010de\u017e j\u00ed zazvon\u00ed telefon a ona do n\u011bj za\u010dne chrlit rychl\u00e9 v\u011bty v tzotzil\u0161tin\u011b. <em>\u201eTo byla m\u00e1ma, za chv\u00edli p\u0159ijde. Cht\u011bla v\u011bd\u011bt, jestli u\u017e jsi tady a jestli jsme Ti nab\u00eddli j\u00eddlo a pit\u00ed a jestli Ti nen\u00ed zima. To je cel\u00e1 ona,\u201c<\/em> obrac\u00ed Natalia o\u010di v sloup a jde mi va\u0159it kafe, proto\u017ee u\u017e v\u00ed, \u017ee chci v\u017edycky kafe s ml\u00edkem a bez cukru. Jes\u00fas se k n\u00ed p\u0159ibatol\u00ed, chyt\u00ed se j\u00ed za nohu a ostra\u017eit\u011b, ale odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b se na m\u011b zazub\u00ed.  Pohodln\u011b se rozval\u00edm na gau\u010di, sund\u00e1m si boty a zazub\u00edm se na Jes\u00fase zp\u00e1tky (vyd\u011bs\u00ed ho to tak, \u017ee se schov\u00e1 pod st\u016fl). P\u0159ipad\u00e1m si zcela neohro\u017een\u011b a pohodln\u011b, zkr\u00e1tka \u00fapln\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed idyla. Opad\u00e1v\u00e1 ze m\u011b vztek a frustrace z rozhovoru s taxik\u00e1\u0159em, a kdy\u017e se rozhl\u00eddnu okolo sebe, nem\u016f\u017eu se ubr\u00e1nit ot\u00e1zce: kdo je tady, sakra, <em>gente loco<\/em>?<\/p>\n<p>San Crist\u00f3bal de Las Casas je okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bsto vysoko v hor\u00e1ch nejji\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho mexick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Chiapas. B\u00fdval\u00e1 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed ba\u0161ta je dnes ba\u0161tou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm turistickou \u2013 to kv\u016fli zachoval\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed architektu\u0159e a \u201emystick\u00e9mu maysk\u00e9mu duchu okoln\u00edch vesnic\u201c, abychom citovali Lonely Planet \u2013 a tak\u00e9 ba\u0161tou revolu\u010dn\u00ed, proslavenou maskovan\u00fdmi indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi roln\u00edky a jejich charismatick\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm subcommandantem Marcosem. \u017de jsou zapatist\u00e9 nejenom nejv\u00edc medi\u00e1ln\u011b profl\u00e1klou latinskoamerickou indi\u00e1nskou guerillou, ale taky dobr\u00fdm prodejn\u00edm artiklem, potvrzuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed obchodn\u00edci nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed tri\u010dka se subcommandantem i n\u00e1\u0161ivky s rudou hv\u011bzdou a n\u00e1pisem <em>Zapata vive<\/em>. K dost\u00e1n\u00ed jsou i sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze revolu\u010dn\u00edch suven\u00fdr\u016f jako pl\u00e1t\u011bn\u00e9 ta\u0161ky s n\u00e1pisy <em>\u201eOtro mundo es possible\u201c<\/em> \u010di plak\u00e1ty se zapatistick\u00fdmi mur\u00e1ly. O tom, jak jdou revoluce s turismem dohromady, si m\u016f\u017eeme pov\u00eddat jindy, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ale je, \u017ee d\u00edky tomu v\u0161emu je San Cristobal neb\u00fdvale kosmopolitn\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 konzervativn\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edm m\u011bstem uprost\u0159ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00e9ho mexick\u00e9ho feder\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed procento p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel. V Chiapase se mluv\u00ed celkem dev\u00edti r\u016fzn\u00fdmi jazyky, z nich\u017e v okol\u00ed San Cristobalu je nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 tzotzil\u0161itna, neznal\u00e9mu uchu zn\u00edc\u00ed jako jazyk mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Chiapas.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Chiapas.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"zapatisti_bea Chiapas\" width=\"490\" height=\"365\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5819\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Chiapas.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Chiapas-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>V roce 1950 m\u011bl San Crist\u00f3bal asi 35 tis\u00edc obyvatel a byl jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00edc tradi\u010dn\u00edch postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bst v Mexiku, kde si m\u00edstn\u00ed mesticov\u00e9, sami sebe naz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u201ecoletos\u201c, odtr\u017eeni od okoln\u00edho sv\u011bta p\u011bstovali perverzn\u00ed obdiv k b\u00edl\u00e9 pleti a evropsk\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu, zapalovali sv\u00ed\u010dky v katolick\u00fdch kostelech (kter\u00fdch je v San Crist\u00f3balu nespo\u010detn\u011b, skoro ka\u017ed\u00fd svat\u00fd tu m\u00e1 sv\u016fj) a sna\u017eili se p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee indi\u00e1ni neexistuj\u00ed. Dnes m\u00e1 San Crist\u00f3bal ofici\u00e1ln\u011b necel\u00fdch 150 tis\u00edc obyvatel a m\u016fj \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b kvalifikovan\u00fd odhad by se mohl vy\u0161plhat n\u011bkam ke 200 tis\u00edc\u016fm \u2013 ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla toti\u017e nezahrnuj\u00ed ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dokumenty a nejsou p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z rozvodn\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. A takov\u00fdch je tu hodn\u011b. Nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed bydl\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v on\u011bch \u010dtvrt\u00edch, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 <em>colon\u00edas<\/em> a jejich\u017e reputaci tak v\u00fdmluvn\u011b vystihl slizoun alias Antonio Banderas v \u00favodu tohoto elabor\u00e1tu. Takzvan\u00e1 Zona Norte na severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm okraji m\u011bsta je v podstat\u011b etnicky homogenn\u00ed hust\u00fd p\u00e1st os\u00eddlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b m\u011bstskou strukturu, ale m\u00edsty se v\u00edce podob\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e vesnic\u00edm, z nich\u017e obyvatel\u00e9 colon\u00edas nebo jejich rodi\u010de poch\u00e1zej\u00ed. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b tzotzilsky a tzeltalsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed indi\u00e1ni sem p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed z mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, nej\u010dast\u011bji proto, \u017ee hledaj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd \u2013 jak\u00fdkoliv \u2013 zp\u016fsob ob\u017eivy. Slo\u017eit\u00e1 historie pozemkov\u00fdch reforem v Mexiku i primitivn\u00ed logika glob\u00e1ln\u00edho kapitalismu z nich u\u010dinili bezzemky a tak d\u011blaj\u00ed to jedin\u00e9, co jim zb\u00fdv\u00e1 \u2013 obl\u00e9kaj\u00ed se do sv\u00fdch tradi\u010dn\u00edch kroj\u016f a nab\u00edzej\u00ed turist\u016fm v centru San Cristobalu pleten\u00e9 \u0161\u00e1ly (byste se divili, kolik lid\u00ed si ani v t\u00fd Lonely Planet nep\u0159e\u010dte, \u017ee v t\u00fdhle nadmo\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fd\u0161ce je zima \u2013 v\u017edy\u0165 je to v Mexiku a tam je p\u0159ece teplo, \u017ee jo). Zkr\u00e1tka a stru\u010dn\u011b, zapatistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed je jenom \u0161pi\u010dkou ledovce dlouhodob\u00fdch, komplikovan\u00fdch a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propleten\u00fdch proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017eivot p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel (nejen) v Chiapase. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-la-morelia.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-la-morelia.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"zapatisti la morelia\" width=\"490\" height=\"326\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5813\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-la-morelia.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-la-morelia-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Turist\u016fm se to l\u00edb\u00ed, m\u00e1 to onen \u201emystick\u00fd maysk\u00fd spirit\u201c, tak\u017ee radnici m\u011bsta nezb\u00fdv\u00e1, ne\u017e to do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry tolerovat. Ale jsou chv\u00edle, kdy i ekonomick\u00fd profit jde stranou a jedna takov\u00e1 nastala tady v San Crist\u00f3balu docela ned\u00e1vno. Z n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch stran jsem si za posledn\u00ed dny vyslechla historku o tom, jak na\u0161tvan\u00ed indi\u00e1ni z vesnic obsadili velk\u00fd kus p\u016fdy pod\u00e9l tzv. Periferico norte, hlavn\u00ed silnice, kter\u00e9 prot\u00edn\u00e1 celou Zonu Norte. Ona inkriminovan\u00e1 p\u016fda pat\u0159\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 osob\u011b, kter\u00e1 je asi \u017eena a cizinka (zpr\u00e1vy o tom, zda je z Evropy nebo z USA se li\u0161\u00ed podle zdroje). Majitelka p\u016fdy nechala nakonec v\u0161echny \u201eocupados\u201c vyhnat, ale cel\u00fd konflikt se t\u00e1hl n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f a vy\u00fastil v n\u011bkolik ozbrojen\u00fdch st\u0159et\u016f. Na\u0161tvan\u00ed indi\u00e1ni se museli vr\u00e1tit tam, kde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u016fda nen\u00ed, a m\u00edstn\u00ed za\u010dali podepisovat petice za vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed indi\u00e1n\u016f z m\u011bsta. \u017de V\u00e1m to n\u011bco p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1? Inu, m\u011b tak\u00e9&#8230; ale situace v San Cristobalu je o to absurdn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a d\u011bsiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee indi\u00e1ni tvo\u0159\u00ed dobr\u00e9 t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny obyvatel m\u011bsta a nav\u00edc je hodn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 jim \u0159\u00edkat, aby \u201et\u00e1hli, odkud p\u0159i\u0161li\u201c, proto\u017ee jaksi oni jsou ti, co tu byli prvn\u00ed. Ale i tak tuhle popul\u00e1rn\u00ed rasistickou pr\u016fpov\u00eddku \u010dasto sl\u00fdchaj\u00ed. M\u00edstn\u00edm fa\u0161oun\u016fm, co se c\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt o minim\u00e1ln\u011b jeden odst\u00edn sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta indi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 pak\u00e1\u017e (p\u0159esto\u017ee ani m\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00e9 oko od sebe indi\u00e1na a mestiza v\u011bt\u0161inou nerozezn\u00e1), se nakonec povedlo doc\u00edlit z\u00e1kazu pouli\u010dn\u00edho prodeje suven\u00fdr\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina rodin, kter\u00e9 v Zona Norte zn\u00e1m, je proto te\u010f bez pr\u00e1ce. Syst\u00e9m soci\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1vek tu sice nefunguje a o n\u011bjak\u00e9 podpo\u0159e v nezam\u011bstnanosti si m\u016f\u017eete nechat jenom zd\u00e1t, ale i tak jsem n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t sly\u0161ela n\u011bkoho hl\u00e1sit, \u017ee <em>ind\u00edgenas<\/em> okr\u00e1daj\u00ed st\u00e1t. Nes\u010detn\u011bkr\u00e1t jsem byla sv\u011bdkem situace, kdy se moji indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 pokou\u0161eli o n\u011bco naprosto m\u00edrumilovn\u00e9ho a b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho, jako koupit si se\u0161it v pap\u00edrnictv\u00ed nebo nahl\u00e1sit \u010derstv\u011b narozen\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b na soci\u00e1lce a byli p\u0159itom vystaveni posm\u011bchu \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo slovn\u00edm \u00fatok\u016fm pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch a jin\u00fdch osob. Jak to tedy asi vypad\u00e1, kdy\u017e jdou n\u011bkam \u017e\u00e1dat o pr\u00e1ci, co mysl\u00edte? <\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako se u n\u00e1s lidi domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ecik\u00e1ni to prost\u011b maj\u00ed v genech, \u017ee jsou divok\u00fd a nevzd\u011blavateln\u00fd\u201c, je spousta Mexi\u010dan\u016f v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f a velev\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch profesor\u016f na m\u00edstn\u00edch univerzit\u00e1ch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena o tom, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny v\u0161ech probl\u00e9m\u016f v Chiapase le\u017e\u00ed v etnick\u00e9m p\u016fvodu jeho obyvatel. I o sancrist\u00f3balsk\u00fdch <em>colon\u00edas<\/em> existuje n\u011bkolik studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v\u0161echny zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed etnicitou jejich obyvatel a p\u0159esunem do m\u011bsta generovanou zm\u011bnou kulturn\u00ed identity. Jen\u017ee etnicita a kultura se v posledn\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch staly politicky korektn\u00edmi n\u00e1lepkami, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm u\u017e nemus\u00edme pou\u017e\u00edvat jin\u00fd pojem, kter\u00e9ho se boj\u00edme \u2013 a t\u00edm je t\u0159\u00edda.<br \/>\nIndi\u00e1ni v San Crist\u00f3balu ani Romov\u00e9 v severn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch nejsou jin\u00ed, proto\u017ee je jin\u00e1 jejich kultura \u2013 tu jsme jim d\u00e1vno zni\u010dili. Jsou jin\u00ed, proto\u017ee jsou dlouhodob\u011b vystaven\u00ed takov\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, jak\u00e9 si my s tou spr\u00e1vnou barvou pleti neum\u00edme v\u016fbec p\u0159edstavit. Etnicita v \u010cech\u00e1ch stejn\u011b jako v Mexiku slou\u017e\u00ed jenom jako palubn\u00ed l\u00edstek na pot\u00e1p\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed se lo\u010f chudoby a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u00fapadku, ze kter\u00e9ho nen\u00ed cesty ven. A proto se proklamace mexick\u00fdch taxik\u00e1\u0159\u016f m\u016f\u017eou tak n\u00e1padn\u011b podobat hospodsk\u00fdm kec\u016fm slu\u0161n\u00fdch a p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f \u2013 proto\u017ee jsou umo\u017en\u011bny stejn\u00fdm celospole\u010densk\u00fdm omylem, ve kter\u00e9m se navz\u00e1jem utvrzujeme my, jich\u017e se to vlastn\u011b net\u00fdk\u00e1. N\u00e1m b\u00edl\u00fdm se v\u011bt\u0161inou vyplat\u00ed n\u011bkoho on\u00e1lepkovat jako \u201ekulturn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9ho\u201c a tud\u00ed\u017e \u201enep\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9ho\u201c &#8211; jak ukazuje p\u0159\u00edpad San Cristobalu, ani u toho nemus\u00edme b\u00fdt ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b. Ten pocit nad\u0159azenosti je zak\u00f3dovan\u00fd u\u017e stovky let a n\u011bjak\u00e1 matematick\u00e1 p\u0159esila na tom nic nezm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-oventik.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-oventik.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"zapatisti oventik\" width=\"490\" height=\"326\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5814\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-oventik.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-oventik-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Do San Cristobalu jsem poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ijela jako mnoho jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u011b zalo\u017een\u00fdch sn\u00edlk\u016f poznat zapatistickou guerillu na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di. Magick\u00fd realismus Marcosov\u00fdch komunik\u00e9 a leskl\u00e9 fotografie tajemn\u00fdch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch guerilleros s \u0161\u00e1tky p\u0159es o\u010di m\u011b vizu\u00e1ln\u011b fascinovaly a emocion\u00e1ln\u011b rozechv\u00edvaly a p\u0159edstavovala jsem si ten \u201ejin\u00fd sv\u011bt\u201c, o kter\u00e9m se komunik\u00e9 tak \u010dasto zmi\u0148ovala, jako mystick\u00fd \u017eivot v exotick\u00e9m pralese, kde je v\u0161echno barevn\u00e9, uct\u00edv\u00e1 se kuku\u0159ice a \u010dern\u00e1 panenka Maria z Guadalupe, v\u0161ichni se respektuj\u00ed a \u017eij\u00ed v souladu s p\u0159\u00edrodou. Byla jsem tedy trochu nemile p\u0159ekvapena, \u017ee ten \u201ejin\u00fd sv\u011bt\u201c cht\u011bj\u00ed zapatist\u00e9 stav\u011bt \u201edesde abajo y de la izquierda\u201c, tedy zespodu a zleva. Plamenn\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di o \u0161kodlivosti glob\u00e1ln\u00edho kapitalismu, kter\u00fd rozev\u00edr\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly a uzav\u00edr\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed do pasti chudoby a bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed, fascinovaly moje anarchistick\u00e9 kamar\u00e1dy a j\u00e1 jsem coby slu\u0161n\u011b vychovan\u00e9 d\u011bv\u010de z liber\u00e1ln\u00ed bur\u017eoasn\u00ed rodiny trp\u011bla kulturn\u00edm \u0161okem. To p\u0159ece nem\u016f\u017eou myslet v\u00e1\u017en\u011b&#8230; t\u0159\u00edda&#8230;kapitalismus&#8230;chudoba&#8230;a v\u016fbec. V\u017edy\u0165 jsou to indi\u00e1ni! Kde je ta jejich kultura? Magick\u00fd realismus, kuku\u0159ice, \u0161amani a v\u016fbec? <\/p>\n<p>To bylo p\u0159ed skoro sedmi lety. Dneska se rozhl\u00ed\u017e\u00edm z okna tax\u00edku po colon\u00edas, kter\u00e9 u\u017e jsou mi d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 (mimochodem, jedna z n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek colon\u00edas se mezit\u00edm prohl\u00e1sila za zapatistick\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed) a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m si, jak dlouho to je\u0161t\u011b bude trvat, ne\u017e se to t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel\u00edch probud\u00ed? Ve v\u0161ech? A do \u010desk\u00fdch hospod vzkazuju \u2013 zapatisty na v\u00e1s. Poj\u010fme se inspirovat a zalo\u017eit romskou guerillu!<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-5800 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-la-morelia.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-la-morelia-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-oventik.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-oventik-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-oventik2.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-oventik2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-vendedoras.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti-vendedoras-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Don-Durito-de-la-Lacandona.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Don-Durito-de-la-Lacandona-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-El-Fuego-y-la-Palabra.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-El-Fuego-y-la-Palabra-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Chiapas.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Chiapas-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Nuevo-Amanecer.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Nuevo-Amanecer-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Oventic.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/wp-content\/zapatisti_bea-Oventic-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><em>Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc a je\u0161t\u011b hez\u010d\u00edch plak\u00e1t\u016f najdete na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch m\u00edstn\u00ed um\u011blkyn\u011b jm\u00e9nem <a href=\"http:\/\/www.beatrizaurora.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">Beatriz Aurora<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><script src=\"http:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/all.js#xfbml=1\"><\/script><fb:like href=\"http:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/?p=5800\" send=\"true\" font=\"\"><\/fb:like><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eTak kam to bude?\u201c oto\u010d\u00ed se na m\u011b s \u017eovi\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdrazem \u0159idi\u010d tax\u00edku. Jeho \u0161irok\u00fd \u00fasm\u011bv spole\u010dn\u011b s i na m\u00edstn\u00ed pom\u011bry neobvykl\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm gelu na vlasy mn\u011b pon\u011bkud znerv\u00f3z\u0148uj\u00ed. Vypadat jako hodn\u011b lacin\u00fd a nepoveden\u00fd klon Antonia Banderase tady sice pat\u0159\u00ed k dek\u00f3ru, ale po\u0159\u00e1d je\u0161t\u011b jsem si na tu estetickou a \u010dichovou smr\u0161\u0165 &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/?p=5800\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Rasismus, zapatismus a \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd lidi&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,3],"tags":[107,87],"class_list":["post-5800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historky-z-nadrazky","category-vagusuv-denik","tag-mari","tag-mexico"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5800"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5800\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5833,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5800\/revisions\/5833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vagus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}